人工智能是人類發(fā)展新領(lǐng)域。當(dāng)前，全球人工智能技術(shù)快速發(fā)展，對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展和人類文明進(jìn)步產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響，給世界帶來巨大機(jī)遇。與此同時，人工智能技術(shù)也帶來難以預(yù)知的各種風(fēng)險和復(fù)雜挑戰(zhàn)。人工智能治理攸關(guān)全人類命運(yùn)，是世界各國面臨的共同課題。
在世界和平與發(fā)展面臨多元挑戰(zhàn)的背景下，各國應(yīng)秉持共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的安全觀，堅(jiān)持發(fā)展和安全并重的原則，通過對話與合作凝聚共識，構(gòu)建開放、公正、有效的治理機(jī)制，促進(jìn)人工智能技術(shù)造福于人類，推動構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。
我們重申，各國應(yīng)在人工智能治理中加強(qiáng)信息交流和技術(shù)合作，共同做好風(fēng)險防范，形成具有廣泛共識的人工智能治理框架和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范，不斷提升人工智能技術(shù)的安全性、可靠性、可控性、公平性。我們歡迎各國政府、國際組織、企業(yè)、科研院校、民間機(jī)構(gòu)和公民個人等各主體秉持共商共建共享的理念，協(xié)力共同促進(jìn)人工智能治理。
為此，我們倡議：
——發(fā)展人工智能應(yīng)堅(jiān)持“以人為本”理念，以增進(jìn)人類共同福祉為目標(biāo)，以保障社會安全、尊重人類權(quán)益為前提，確保人工智能始終朝著有利于人類文明進(jìn)步的方向發(fā)展。積極支持以人工智能助力可持續(xù)發(fā)展，應(yīng)對氣候變化、生物多樣性保護(hù)等全球性挑戰(zhàn)。
——面向他國提供人工智能產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)時，應(yīng)尊重他國主權(quán)，嚴(yán)格遵守他國法律，接受他國法律管轄。反對利用人工智能技術(shù)優(yōu)勢操縱輿論、傳播虛假信息，干涉他國內(nèi)政、社會制度及社會秩序，危害他國主權(quán)。
——發(fā)展人工智能應(yīng)堅(jiān)持“智能向善”的宗旨，遵守適用的國際法，符合和平、發(fā)展、公平、正義、民主、自由的全人類共同價值，共同防范和打擊恐怖主義、極端勢力和跨國有組織犯罪集團(tuán)對人工智能技術(shù)的惡用濫用。各國尤其是大國對在軍事領(lǐng)域研發(fā)和使用人工智能技術(shù)應(yīng)該采取慎重負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度。
——發(fā)展人工智能應(yīng)堅(jiān)持相互尊重、平等互利的原則，各國無論大小、強(qiáng)弱，無論社會制度如何，都有平等發(fā)展和利用人工智能的權(quán)利。鼓勵全球共同推動人工智能健康發(fā)展，共享人工智能知識成果，開源人工智能技術(shù)。反對以意識形態(tài)劃線或構(gòu)建排他性集團(tuán)，惡意阻撓他國人工智能發(fā)展。反對利用技術(shù)壟斷和單邊強(qiáng)制措施制造發(fā)展壁壘，惡意阻斷全球人工智能供應(yīng)鏈。
——推動建立風(fēng)險等級測試評估體系，實(shí)施敏捷治理，分類分級管理，快速有效響應(yīng)。研發(fā)主體不斷提高人工智能可解釋性和可預(yù)測性，提升數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)性和準(zhǔn)確性，確保人工智能始終處于人類控制之下，打造可審核、可監(jiān)督、可追溯、可信賴的人工智能技術(shù)。
——逐步建立健全法律和規(guī)章制度，保障人工智能研發(fā)和應(yīng)用中的個人隱私與數(shù)據(jù)安全，反對竊取、篡改、泄露和其他非法收集利用個人信息的行為。
——堅(jiān)持公平性和非歧視性原則，避免在數(shù)據(jù)獲取、算法設(shè)計(jì)、技術(shù)開發(fā)、產(chǎn)品研發(fā)與應(yīng)用過程中，產(chǎn)生針對不同或特定民族、信仰、國別、性別等偏見和歧視。
——堅(jiān)持倫理先行，建立并完善人工智能倫理準(zhǔn)則、規(guī)范及問責(zé)機(jī)制，形成人工智能倫理指南，建立科技倫理審查和監(jiān)管制度，明確人工智能相關(guān)主體的責(zé)任和權(quán)力邊界，充分尊重并保障各群體合法權(quán)益，及時回應(yīng)國內(nèi)和國際相關(guān)倫理關(guān)切。
——堅(jiān)持廣泛參與、協(xié)商一致、循序漸進(jìn)的原則，密切跟蹤技術(shù)發(fā)展形勢，開展風(fēng)險評估和政策溝通，分享最佳操作實(shí)踐。在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過對話與合作，在充分尊重各國政策和實(shí)踐差異性基礎(chǔ)上，推動多利益攸關(guān)方積極參與，在國際人工智能治理領(lǐng)域形成廣泛共識。
——積極發(fā)展用于人工智能治理的相關(guān)技術(shù)開發(fā)與應(yīng)用，支持以人工智能技術(shù)防范人工智能風(fēng)險，提高人工智能治理的技術(shù)能力。
——增強(qiáng)發(fā)展中國家在人工智能全球治理中的代表性和發(fā)言權(quán)，確保各國人工智能發(fā)展與治理的權(quán)利平等、機(jī)會平等、規(guī)則平等，開展面向發(fā)展中國家的國際合作與援助，不斷彌合智能鴻溝和治理能力差距。積極支持在聯(lián)合國框架下討論成立國際人工智能治理機(jī)構(gòu)，協(xié)調(diào)國際人工智能發(fā)展、安全與治理重大問題。
Global AI Governance Initiative
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new area of human development. Currently, the fast development of AI around the globe has exerted profound influence on socioeconomic development and the progress of human civilization, and brought huge opportunities to the world. However, AI technologies also bring about unpredictable risks and complicated challenges. The governance of AI, a common task faced by all countries in the world, bears on the future of humanity.
As global peace and development faces various challenges, all countries should commit to a vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, and put equal emphasis on development and security. Countries should build consensus through dialogue and cooperation, and develop open, fair, and efficient governing mechanisms, in a bid to promote AI technologies to benefit humanity and contribute to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
We call on all countries to enhance information exchange and technological cooperation on the governance of AI. We should work together to prevent risks, and develop AI governance frameworks, norms and standards based on broad consensus, so as to make AI technologies more secure, reliable, controllable, and equitable. We welcome governments, international organizations, companies, research institutes, civil organizations, and individuals to jointly promote the governance of AI under the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits.
To make this happen, we would like to suggest the following:
We should uphold a people-centered approach in developing AI, with the goal of increasing the wellbeing of humanity and on the premise of ensuring social security and respecting the rights and interests of humanity, so that AI always develops in a way that is beneficial to human civilization. We should actively support the role of AI in promoting sustainable development and tackling global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity conservation.
We should respect other countries' national sovereignty and strictly abide by their laws when providing them with AI products and services. We oppose using AI technologies for the purposes of manipulating public opinion, spreading disinformation, intervening in other countries' internal affairs, social systems and social order, as well as jeopardizing the sovereignty of other states.
We must adhere to the principle of developing AI for good, respect the relevant international laws, and align AI development with humanity's common values of peace, development, equity, justice, democracy, and freedom. We should work together to prevent and fight against the misuse and malicious use of AI technologies by terrorists, extreme forces, and transnational organized criminal groups. All countries, especially major countries, should adopt a prudent and responsible attitude to the research, development, and application of AI technologies in the military field.
We should uphold the principles of mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefit in AI development. All countries, regardless of their size, strength, or social system, should have equal rights to develop and use AI. We call for global collaboration to foster the sound development of AI, share AI knowledge, and make AI technologies available to the public under open-source terms. We oppose drawing ideological lines or forming exclusive groups to obstruct other countries from developing AI. We also oppose creating barriers and disrupting the global AI supply chain through technological monopolies and unilateral coercive measures.
We should promote the establishment of a testing and assessment system based on AI risk levels, implement agile governance, and carry out tiered and category-based management for rapid and effective response. R&D entities should improve the explainability and predictability of AI, increase data authenticity and accuracy, ensure that AI always remains under human control, and build trustworthy AI technologies that can be reviewed, monitored, and traced.
We should gradually establish and improve relevant laws, regulations and rules, and ensure personal privacy and data security in the R&D and application of AI. We oppose theft, tampering, leaking, and other illegal collection and use of personal information.
We should adhere to the principles of fairness and non-discrimination, and avoid biases and discrimination based on ethnicities, beliefs, nationalities, genders, etc., during the process of data collection, algorithm design, technology development, and product development and application.
We should put ethics first. We should establish and improve ethical principles, norms, and accountability mechanisms for AI, formulate AI ethical guidelines, and build sci-tech ethical review and regulatory system. We should clarify responsibilities and power boundaries for entities related to AI, fully respect and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of various groups, and address domestic and international ethical concerns in a timely manner.
We should uphold the principles of wide participation and consensus-based decision-making, adopt a gradual approach, pay close attention to technological advancements, conduct risk assessments and policy communication, and share best practices. On this basis, we should encourage active involvement from multiple stakeholders to achieve broad consensus in the field of international AI governance, based on exchange and cooperation and with full respect for differences in policies and practices among countries.
We should actively develop and apply technologies for AI governance, encourage the use of AI technologies to prevent AI risks, and enhance our technological capacity for AI governance.
We should increase the representation and voice of developing countries in global AI governance, and ensure equal rights, equal opportunities, and equal rules for all countries in AI development and governance. Efforts should be made to conduct international cooperation with and provide assistance to developing countries, to bridge the gap in AI and its governance capacity. We support discussions within the United Nations framework to establish an international institution to govern AI, and to coordinate efforts to address major issues concerning international AI development, security, and governance.
